Rizzo Sandy
Floyd Bennett Field
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There are an increasing number of New York area airports, including those on Long Island, in Westchester County and New Jersey, Few are able name of New York City's first airport. Even less able to explain why it no longer exists. That airport was Floyd Bennett Field and has three different historical phases.
Tracing its origins to the historical, Lindbergh's solo New York-Paris flight, had warned the world that the plane had not left New York, from Long Island place, and that the only real "New York airport was located across the state line in New Jersey. For example, the need for a special, New York location, Municipal Airport, had led to the establishment of a panel headed by the famous aviator Clarence D. Chamberlain to search for a for a suitable location.
Then the chosen site, a 387-acre marsh on Barren Island, south of Brooklyn, New York, was placed a small community, a horse-rendering plant, and the aptly named, single-track dirt Barren Island Airport, which was owned by Paul Rizzo and was used for regular passenger sightseeing flights. The site, part of 33 small islands, enjoyed a favorable wind, there was no obstructions approach was mostly fog-free, and offered vast future growth. The airport, designed as a state-of-the-art gateway to what was considered one of the world's largest cities, the name "Floyd Bennett Field after the Brooklyn resident and naval aviator who had if s Richard E. Byrd pilot served on his historic North Pole flight in 1926. Both had received the Congressional Medal of Honor for the feat.
Construction, by The city Department of Docks, coincidentally took place on October 29, 1929, the same day that the stock market had crashed, and as a result of connecting the islands by completing their international oil channels with six million cubic meters of sand pumped from the bottom of Jamaica Bay and increasing the resulting height 16 meters above the Tidewater, connecting it to Long Island.
Runway 15-33, spanning 3,100 meters, and Runway 6-24, at 4000 feet, the airport had formed the first topographic construction projects, along with a taxiway. During the period of two years between 1929 and 1931, four pairs of hangars had risen from the former marshes: an internal measuring 120 by 140 feet, the steel frame buildings recommended trussed, arched roofs, concrete floors and wooden floors, and was supported by 45-foot long precast concrete piles.
A neo-Georgian style, red and black brick, two-story Administration Building, completed in 1931, was sandwiched between the now-extensive, accessible airport Flatbush Avenue and take-off and landing strips, and was characterized by a semi-octagonal, three-storey high glass and steel state of control over it. The building had also served as the passenger terminal.
Floyd Bennett Field, which was given the three-letter IATA code of the "NOP", was dedicated on June 26, 1930 amid a flying armada of 600 U.S. Army Air Corps planes led by Charles Lindbergh and Jimmy Doolittle and attended by a 25,000 strong crowd. The airport, which was officially opened one year later on May 23, 1931, had given the U.S. Department of Commerce A-1-A rating, the highest, because so far advanced facilities: modern terminal, off paved runways, and their lighting systems for night operations.
This facilities, attracting an increasing number of the famous "Golden Age" pilots like Wiley Post Jacqueline Cochran, Roscoe Turner, Amelia Earhart, Howard Hughes, and Clarence Chamberlain, enabled them to begin or to terminate this speed and distance flights because of the strategic location east cost and long-off and landing runways, high fuel load that was permissible gross weight starts to be implemented.
Need dictated expansion in 1936, starting two runways had been completed.: 3500 foot Runway 1-19 and 3,200 meters runway 12-30. The original runway 15-33 was extended to 3500 meters at this time. Between 1936 and 1938, the Works Progress Administration had built a service between each wing hangar of the machine shops and maintenance facilities house.
Although Floyd Bennett Field had become the second United State's busiest airport, after two years it had opened, with 51,828 annual takeoffs and landings, a few of them constituted commercial activities that normally traffic in passengers, baggage, cargo and mail. mayor Fiorello La Guardia had repeatedly tried to be established as a principle of New York Municipal Airport, usurping the role of Newark, New Jersey, but since passenger revenue had only been incremental profitability to a carrier and not an integral part of it, like those of the e-mail, and since the U.S. Postal Service in its own refusal to New York operations center from Newark to Floyd Bennett Field, the airport would never viable commercial facility envisioned at its inception. Unlike American Airlines 'Temporary move, had it in the first place was a general aviation airport.
Nevertheless, the main chapters of the Golden Age aviation were here written. Between 1931 and 1939, ten remarkable cross-country and 16 transatlantic and round-the-world flights were all derived or terminated from the swamp transformed concrete patch appendaged to the south of Brooklyn.
In July of 1931, for example, a Bellanca CH Pacer, a high-wing monoplane powered by a single 300 hp Wright Whirlwind J-6 engine, had a distance record of 5,011.8 miles from Floyd Bennett Field where to Istanbul, Turkey. On August 29 the following year, a Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior-powered Waddell Williams had a new transcontinental speed record of 10.19 hours on her flight to Los Angeles. In July of 1933, Wiley Post had flown a Pratt & Whitney Wasp engines Lockheed Called Vega "Winnie Mae" around the world in seven days, 18 hours, 49 minutes and 30 seconds. He was also the first to circumnavigate the world solo, which is 15,596 miles in four days, 19 hours and 36 minutes.
Wings have stretched from Brooklyn, where the Middle East. In August, for example, had a Hispano-Suiza-powered Blériot 110 5657.4 miles flown to Syria within 55 hours.
By 1934, eight transatlantic flights had taken place from Floyd Bennett Field and several successively improved transcontinental ones. Major James H. Doolittle, driving a Wright Cyclone-powered American Vultee had carved a transcontinental record for a passenger aircraft, completing the Los Angeles-New York sector at 11.59 hours. A second category of transport record was reached in April of that year when a TWA DC-1 had flown from Burbank in 11 hours, five minutes, 45 seconds. Douglas DC-1s fixed later 22 speed records from Floyd Bennett Field with a high gross weights, simulating commercial transport payload and range capabilities.
A year later, on April 21, 1936, Howard Hughes had established an intercity speed record when he was a Wright Cyclone-powered Northrop Gamma flown between Miami and Brooklyn in four hours, 21 minutes, 32 seconds. Later that year, In October, a Bellanca Flash, powered by a Pratt and Whitney Wasp engine, was flown to Newfoundland and London-Croydon in 13 hours, 17 minutes.
Howard Hughes, which again in the spotlight in 1938, had piloted a Lockheed Super Electra 14N, powered by two Pratt and Whitney 900-hp Wright Cyclones, on a record-breaking world tour, the completion of the flight in three days, 19 hours, eight minutes and ten seconds.
Perhaps the most famous flight blunder, and it is claimed, which also occurred in July, when Douglas Corrigan, who had no permission to fly to Europe, instead filed a flight plan for California. After taking off in his Curtiss Robin, powered by a 165-horsepower Wright Whirlwind J-6 engine, the plane went non-stop to Ireland in 28 hours, 13 minutes, reportedly due to "difficulties compass," thus earning him the nickname "Wrong Way Corrigan. "
The Germans had flown to Floyd Bennett Field in 24 hours, 50 minutes, 12 seconds in August 1938 when their Focke-Wulf Fw-200 prototype, powered by four 875-hp Hornet engines, had the trip from Berlin. The return journey was completed in 19 hours, 55 minutes, one second, Wiley Post won record by five and half hours.
Despite all this activity, the first municipal airport, New York, intended as an impressive gateway to the world's most impressive city, never developed into the desired position, remain a general aviation airport location. Several reasons can be cited as reasons.
- The U.S. Postal Service March 22, 1936 rejection of the Floyd Bennett Air Field terminal apply spotted at the airport's largest and most definitive death Knoll.
- Flatbush Avenue had served as the only land access.
- Newark Airport had provided more public transport to Manhattan.
- The airport had started building and tried to operate within the Great Depression.
- Flights was not accepted as public transport means.
- Air travel rates were priceless to the general public.
- It would later become La Guardia Airport.
- Floyd Bennett Field's second substitution, the larger area Idlewild Airport, also located in Jamaica Bay could soon be built.
Floyd Bennett Field's last commercial flight departed on May 26, 1941, but with the war clouds drape themselves over much of the world, had more rain than they won, they had adopted a new destination.
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War led to expansion of the U.S. Navy who first inhabited Floyd Bennett Field's Hangar 5 and later, Hangar 1, resulted in the final $ 9,000,000 sale of the airport of the city of New York, and on June 2, 1941, was re-designated as Naval Air Station in New York. "
Because of its proximity to New York and Long Island Naval Aircraft manufacturers, including Chance Vought, General Motors, and Grumman had logically is the nearest airport, which could accept, test, and ferry their designs to their respective combat theaters, processing everything from amphibious patrol aircraft to carrier-based fighters and bombers. In 1943, the process was completed in just three days.
The war had required significant airport expansion infrastructure. The original runway 15-33, for example, was extended to 4,500 meters taxiway T-10 in 1942. The second runway to be constructed, 6-24, was also converted taxiways in T-1 and T-2, and was replaced by a new, 5,000 meters course with the same magnetic compass. Runway 1-19 was extended to 5,000 meters that year and later became longest to the airport as it was extended to 7,000 meters. And Runway 12-30 was extended to 5,000 meters, and still later, to 5500 meters.
Besides the fixed-wing aircraft activities, the Navy had created the world's first helicopter training facility at Naval Air Station in New York for the air-sea rescue helicopter with Sikorsky R-4, with practice sorties directly from the airport in Jamaica Bay has occurred. Army Air Corps, Coast Guard, Navy and Royal Navy pilots had all been trained here before being sent to the China-Burma-India and Pacific Theaters.
PBY Catalina and other routine patrol aircraft had flown from Naval Air Station in New York for escort and protection of the ships transporting materials for the Lend-Lease program from the underground German U-boats.
Marine waves, or Women Accepted for Volunteer Exceptional Service, targeted traffic to and from the airport by operating equipment in the control tower.
During the Second World War, the air station, which served as the basis for many Atlantic Fleet units, three submarine patrol squadrons, a Scout Observation Service Unit, Naval Air Transport Service and two squadrons, had become the busiest and had incorporated more than 46,000 aircraft.
The airport had a postwar reserve station, playing roles in the Korean and Vietnam wars, and had served as the basis for the Air National Guard during the Cold War. Also, the location of the civilian pilot, flight engineer and mechanic training.
If all this military conflict was finally resolved, However, the air station was intended gradually reduced.
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Decommissioned and no longer active as either a commercial or general aviation airports, had Floyd Bennett Field is transferred to the National Park Service in 1972, and became part of the Gateway. National Recreation Area, one of the first parks in the National Park System, it includes three units in two states: the Jamaica Bay Unit in Brooklyn, New York, the Staten Island Unit in Staten Island, New York, and the Sandy Hook Unit in New Jersey.
only air Floyd Bennett Field's activity, other than an occasional air show, is that of the New York City Police Department, with its fleet of Bell Jet Ranger helicopter bases here and used part of one of the former airfield jobs for operational purposes. As a heliport, the designated "NY22".
Four of the eight original hangars was modified again in 2006 for the concession.
The former Administration Building / Passenger Terminal, now designated the William Fitts Ryan Visitor Center, is open to the public and, although the halls and rooms offer little more than interpretive displays and a small souvenir shop, one can still climb the concrete stairs at the front of the building where the passengers had been transferred from taxis, cars and buses, and enter the central hall, which was the location of the passenger check-in facilities. After pouring and a weight of their luggage and obtain boarding a folder, they had then left the observation deck doors to the balcony that the spinning propeller plane had overlooked seen on the platform waiting for them and accessible by portable boarding stairs. luggage cart was wheeled through the building of the lower level of the steeply sloping driveway and on the field to the aircraft itself. The tower was directly above them, on top of the terminal.
Although the building is now silent and deserted, one can still the era of history had absorbed sense of life scenarios set in and facilitated by it. The silence tells his story ironically, as the line of contrast between what was and what was gone.
Its internal roads, after Floyd Bennett Field's runway and taxiway infrastructure, still carry their magnetic compass and can be freely driven.
Across from the Visitor Center, on the east side and far away from former Runway 6-24, is another public building, Hangar B built by the Navy during the Second World War II for the VRF-4 base, one of the Naval Air Station in New York Naval Air Ferry Command squadrons would be used as a Naval Air Reserve training facility for pilots and ground personnel to prepare for the Korean War, the Cuban missile crisis and the war in Vietnam. Now used by the National Park Service Volunteer-In-Park historic aircraft Restoration Program Project (HARP) dedicated since 1995 to preserve the aviation history of Floyd Bennett Field and interpretation of the role, it houses a collection of both fixed wing and rotary aircraft represent two eras Airport Municipal Airport-its status from 1931 to 1941 and the Naval Air Station Function 1941-71 and the five departments which operated from that: The Air National Guard, the New York City Police Department, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Marine Corps and Navy.
Floyd Bennett Field, a small parcel that was transformed Marsh on concrete, and had an important role in the New York Golden Age aviation and military eras, has been reduced to silence and inaction as it stands in the shadow his replacement, JFK International Airport, where mulitple, European-bound take offs routinely occur, a shadow of these European-bound flights was ironically proven. As such, it served as a platform where a short but important piece of aviation history New York had acted out, leaving only the memory and its effects-indeed, and in essence, the very purpose of the planet itself, which shows that when a cycle is completed and has fulfilled its purpose, that it can only pave the way for those to follow, but can not be recycled itself.
About the Author
A graduate of Long Island University-C.W. Post Campus with a summa-cum-laude BA Degree in Comparative Languages and Journalism, I have subsequently earned the Continuing Community Education Teaching Certificate from the Nassau Association for Continuing Community Education (NACCE) at Molloy College, the Travel Career Development Certificate from the Institute of Certified Travel Agents (ICTA) at LIU, and the AAS Degree in Aerospace Technology at the State University of New York – College of Technology at Farmingdale. Having amassed almost three decades in the airline industry, I managed the New York-JFK and Washington-Dulles stations at Austrian Airlines, created the North American Station Training Program, served as an Aviation Advisor to Farmingdale State University of New York, and devised and taught the Airline Management Certificate Program at the Long Island Educational Opportunity Center. A freelance author, I have written some 70 books of the short story, novel, nonfiction, essay, poetry, article, log, curriculum, training manual, and textbook genre in English, German, and Spanish, having principally focused on aviation and travel, and I have been published in book, magazine, newsletter, and electronic Web site form. I am a writer for Cole Palen’s Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome in New York. I have made some 350 lifetime trips by air, sea, rail, and road.
What girls have solos in the Broadway version of Grease?
Of course Sandy. But other, apparently there is some differentiation between the Broadway and film version. As for the Broadway version, the girls [Marty, Frenchie, Rizzo, Jan, Patty] solos?
Rizzo, Marty
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